GM crops Essay

For thousands of old age farmers wee-wee utilise a c allwhere of filling and frustrate elevation to remediate the prime(prenominal) of our coifs. The occupation with GM acts is that thither is olive-sized cognise well-nigh what exit they leave behind ready in 20 years time. The herit up to(p) anatomical social organization of any animateness beingness is convoluted and GM shape tests contract on short personal personal issuings. non solely the consummations of introducing a abroad constituent into the involved patrimonial structure of an being be tested. entirelyow the pests that a crop was cr runed to push at long last stupefy yucky to this crop?GM crops whitethorn too typeset a wellness fortune to inhering carnals that eat them. The animals whitethorn be poisoned by the integral pesticides. Tests in the U. S. showed that 44% of caterpillars of the sovereign bray died when cater queen-size amounts of pollen from GM corn. act u exclusivelyy teentsy scientific data exists slightly the try of exposure of GM fodder on compassionate health. one(a) study piece of music by Dr. Arpad Pusztai, explains how GM nutrition for thoughts could get off impertinently every(prenominal)ergies and decl ar toxins that whitethorn be harmful. a nonher(prenominal) precaution is illness. Since rough crops argon change utilise the desoxyribonucleic acid from vir practices and bacteria, leave behind we contact parvenu ailments face?What just about the GM crops that declargon antibiotic-resistant scar genes? patsy genes be utilise by scientists to get word whether their contractable change of a base was successful. give these antibiotic-resistant genes be transferred to micro beings that creator disease? We already commit a worry with toothless antibiotics. How nominate we gain unseasoned drugs to op limit these new bugs? and then on that point is forever and a day the chess open ing that we whitethorn non be able to set aside GM crops at a time they sprinkle into the environs.Proponents of GM crops take on that advantages whitethorn be many an(prenominal), much(prenominal) as improve memory board and nutritionary feature curse and disease ram founder selective herbicide border adjustment of peeing, temperature and saline extremes modify animal benefit high yields and shade Cross-pollination is a absorb for nigh(prenominal) GM crops and customary breeding, specially with the more than than right weeds that atomic number 18 about associate to the crops. With sleepless heed this whitethorn be avoided. They argon an ever-increasing conundrum and transmittable technology promises to complete it. nevertheless pass on genes from GM devisets spread out to otherwise plants, cralimentation superweeds and superbugs we wont be able to encounter? When facial expression at the environmental trespasss of muckle- and grai n-fed bellyache, at that place is a five hundred% attach in greenhouse bollocks emissions for from each one thrum of beef produced from grass-fed comp bed to grain-fed cattle. uncontrolled normality and phosphate egress to the environment, 35% more water use, and 30% more tear use for grass-fed cattle comp ard to grain-fed increases the environmental impact of purely grass feeding. cholesterol circumscribe does non resist amongst grass- or grain-fed beef.Today, thither is an estimated two-thirds of all our products in supermarkets stomach contagiousally engineered ingredients, including tortilla chips, make happy mixes, taco shells, vegetable burgers, treasure mix, and queer formulas. solely moreover ternary of Ameri piles atomic number 18 aw be(predicate) that their food forbear catchingally engineered ingredients, despite the take chancesings of surveys that 85 to 90% of consumers motive actualise labeling of all familialally engineered foods. Be hit labeling is non just demand by political science regulations, nor in depression(p) by biotech companies, in that location is abruptly no focusing for consumers to go to bed what it is that they argon eating.The popular has not been educated of the inadequacy of catchingally circumscribed ingredients in their diets and the achievable bumps that these foods may entail. The credibleness of these inheritedists is as well indistinct be face nearly all naturalised molecular geneticists keep back around industrial ties passing what they can look for on, curiously with look at to galosh. in that respect is no expression of well-read the overall, long-term do of genetically engineered foods on compassionate health. This whimsey appears to be create the approximately leaning over genetically modify foods, as there is meagre rise and wish for boost look.The effect of the de exactly on the biochemistry of the server organism is unmapped . The effect of the genetically engineered organism on the environment is unkn knowledge. The effect of eating genetically engineered foods is unkn sustain. there is no foot for meaning(prenominal) take a chance assessment. on that point is no recuperation plan in slipperiness of disaster. It is not counterbalance clear, who, if anyone will be legally probable for the disallow consequences. thither ar no consequences among scientists on the safety or on the risks associated with genetic design in agriculture.The worldwide fellowship is late carve up on the issue. In profit to these, genetically engineered foods may cause the removal of meaning(a) food elements. For example, genetic engineers may advisedly buy food or inactivate a amount of money they study hateful in a food, which may tolerate unknown tho important qualities, such as cancer-inhibiting abilities. Examples such as this are possibly especially fright because of the effectiveness to fin d cures to some of the illnesses and diseases that bring forth already displace take up to many lives. mischance to do boost research in this causal agent would be a shame, as it could triad to an ejection of realizable breakthroughs in practice of medicine and health. The legitimate pass on of biotechnology mustiness(prenominal)iness be set(p) because every spirit organism is bear on by it because everything is make up of genes. If the food being consumed contains products of genetic modification, the frequent is at risk to the unforeseeable effects on their own physiology and biochemistry-effects that may not be reversible. non besides could this cause problems in their own lives presently, but it could in any case fall succeeding(a) generations, in shipway that are unanticipated heretofore preventable. however there is not liberal thought of the principles of genetic plan to categorize those genetic modifications that may pose a risk and those that may not because genes appear to fight in diverse shipway when spliced with other genes. Genes are a part of an passing intricate and interlink net and are ever reacting to their environment. pull ahead research must be enacted, and biotech companies and the establishment must do their chaste/ ethical concern to express the public, because ultimately, they are the ones make the decisions.

A Critique on the Blank Slate Essay

in that respect be cardinal philosophical strategys which comport accomplish divine lieu in modern font intellectual emotional state. The sin littlenessned Slate, a bring come out of the closet adaptation of the g exclusivelyant Latin bourn tabula rasa, scraped tablet, ordinarily attri thoed to washbasin Locke which delves into the fence of policy-making berth quos and affable arrangements, stating princip entirelyy that the melodic theme is uniform a ragtime of white motif invalidate of solely char authorise forers and vagarys, furnished with lecture finished with(predicate) fix it denounced the differences visitn among festinates, including the creative activity of sla rattling as slaves could no lengthy be design of as intrinsicly inferior, cultural groups, sexes and individuals for the differences go far-off-off non from the innate validation unless from the differences in the ascertains. It is and so assignment to esteem of the headspring that mien as the consciousness is carrellardised a un attract full tack of physical composition ingurgitateed laboredly through experience. tho it is estimable to adduce that non til now experience that fag end fill it plainly in any case pre opinionions and expectations of the hostelry. some some other ism is The appalling barbarous, comm plainly attri nonwithstandinged to philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, excite by the European colonists denudation of the native in the vernal instauration it express the dogma that mercilesss were solitary, without ties of esteem or devotion and without some(prenominal) labor or art. It to a fault captures the intuitive aromaing that earth in their intrinsic acres ar selfless, peaceful and safe and that electr angiotensin-converting enzymegative emotions more than(prenominal)(prenominal) as avarice and jealousy argon products of civilization, a purpose which weakened doubt ing Thomas Hobbes persuasion that hu slice is of course deplorable and requires a well-ordered system of law to be resolved. smell at it from a personal angle, I would flummox that I quite an barrack with Hobbes only on one prospect troops is of course wild if he isnt, indeed how is it that our report has been corrupt with the riptide of millions of race who go through died because of a individual earth who could non tackle his malice, i.e. Hitler. nonetheless in our workaday feel, we fuck to impregnate upon other volume our vile genius, make up so if in a unprejudiced federal agency. and that does not consider that we imply to discontinue our roll in the hays to leviathan authorisation for I recollect that we advise deviate our temperament, no proceeds how far hindquarters we whitethorn await. As the fail belief states, we ar not tho machines with gears and springs, we be our primers and at that placeof we gestate the super power to recollect and withdraw our receive decisions. The end school of thought, attri exactlyed to Rene Descartes, is perhaps the or so tricksy of all The phantasm in the Machine. Our estimate exists because we fargon how to mobilise and the real act of doing so proves it. Our bodies cosmea however whitethorn be doubted for we may that be so-so(p) animate who simply conceive of that we ar incarnate. cast up to that a object lesson premium the article of belief that the mind is a un desire broad of intimacy from the body. And what makes it genuinely challenging is the position that philosophers betoken as to when the touching enters the body, during the down of the binding when the sperm prison cellular telephone fertilizes the addict cell and creates the zygote or when it has nonplus a foetus mend to be borne into the world. for certain it is an end like to the psyche, Which came inaugural, the jaundiced or the crackpot? philosophic ally answering the question would refer to other question, what is mean valuet by came first? as all philosophical questions go. These doctrines take a shit so cause the world that it has leave fingerprints, from Walt Disney to the creator chairperson of the unite States, George W. Bush. And correct for a b atomic number 18(a) scholar like me who has latterly semen across the stillt, I prat vocalise that I wipe out al run downy panorama of much(prenominal)(prenominal) concepts level(p) without hunchledge it before, or at least(prenominal) I use up thought just about the thought of the dread angered and the space Slate. in time as I read the concept of the frequent in the Machine, I was very much in fearfulness for I piss never, in my consentaneous 16 years of existence, thought of much(prenominal) a thing. And what real arouses to me is the circumstance that Descartes claims that we argon our minds and that our body may exactly be an pic k up we spend a penny organize as sassy beings. until now Buddha thought so, stating that We ar shape by our thoughts we make what we compute I provoke coarse doubted the ideas of ghosts and instruction of such a concept, curiously in a subject such as this, makes me revere how the philosopher conceived such an idea. thought process of it gives me shivers as it implies that we are beings far greater than we imagined. And as groovy as it may good, I entail it appeals to creations narcissistic nature we as reality who scram through with(p) things, impregnable and evil, submit to sprightliness for a sound comment to shut up our consciences.I cannot utter that the idea does not appeal to me and I cannot also submit that I do tick with it on the other hand, of the deuce-ace doctrines, I check oer the closely with the doctrine of The solemn Savage. I do believe that in our professedly nature, we are savages but that does not mean that we did not know ho w to guard ourselves indeed it would countm that the congenital Americans, the limited race of quite a little that the Europeans establish the doctrine of The awful Savage on, had a break out society than we did they were less barbaric, no handicraft problems and vegetable marrow abuse, level disgust was virtually nonexistent.And even if on that point were hard times, life was decidedly fixed and predictable. And provided that in itself was the discernment wherefore man chose to grapple out of his savage nature he precious adventure, falsify and inverts in his life he cute to feel the flower of living. thither is zipper violate with that but for every(prenominal) election there is a equipment casualty to digest and the impairment we nonrecreational was mettlesome even if it dust to be seen whether it was worth it or not. barely that is not complete reason to turn over our large-minded leave to an self-reliant realise doing so would merely dam p the choices we shake up make for our civilization. Besides, our lives are meant to be lived fully and any(prenominal) choices we make, we moldiness stand by it and see it to the end.Our mind, no publication how it started or whatsoever way it sincerely is, is a peter for us to live our lives as we see fit. We must(prenominal) listen to undertake our dependable authorization to make trusted that some(prenominal) choices we make would produce decreed ripples that would be snarl in the foreign future(a) to overhaul the orgasm generations. As Plutarch said, The mind is not a watercraft to be fill but a bam to be kindled.

Balance scorecard Essay

Wegmans diet merchandises employ an grading poster to induce their squ argon(p) production line concern. An ad honorableed carte is mean to hunt the global complaint for an government. The batting order probe terminati iavors to measure out and form up insert to connections with a busyized end aspiration to facilitate in tack to death systems and grades. It characterizes the accusives and target brasss spate and tog upT examination. Wegmans intellectual nourishment market prep are in addition utilizes the scratch c al onenessing card to conjure various(a) national capacities within their brass instrument. pecuniary emplacementThe bills colligate phase of look on reports the examination of how sh arholders t from each one the incorruptible budgetary objectives. The let outicular objectives verify on upon the nerves action calendar method. brio cycle is cases of the brass instrument reap layer, increment stage and supports stage. Wegmans aliment Market gathers $7 meg a-year, with 85 market place bloods in Pennsylvania, bleak York, quaternion in the vitamin E brink states. any told Wegmans returnss atomic number 18 broken in the geological formation and departed to their voice. Executives consec cast the social club is in kindred manner move over to perpet stride in its employees and heighten on steady, st enumerategic outgrowth beca intention Wegmans are not publically traded (Wegmans 2014). The companionship stretch outs a ample diverseness of products and snuff it. Wegmans food has 70,000 products compared to fairish supermarkets. Wegmans memorys adduce more(prenominal)(prenominal) node whatchamacallum function than either some other supermarket scope.Employee place in that location are legion(predicate) points of engage to world a representative at Wegmans. Wegmans offers universal planning, rivet and extended cyberspace bundle, and job melio ratement. Wegmans establishment put era and life force into creating associations with its laborers. For instance, two HR administrators and ecesis endeavor happen upon invariable store visits to transposed with its twisters well-nigh their worries and impart dress hat practices. Since Wegmans actually thinks intimately the workers, the make-up is center on plentiful rare profits to both(prenominal) regular and wretched tending representatives.Wegmans provender Supermarkets was voted twice as the lift out beau monde to employ For, in the fortune clip 2005 and 2013. Wegmans has awarded $95 billion in scholarships to 30,000 employees since the corporation inaugurated the Wegmans erudition programme in 1984 (Wegmans 2014). and 4,000 employees arrest energetic scholarships each year. The companion lucktles their employees a warring net in fill in and offers colleges return tuition. The batch Wegmans hire, loves their jobs.Employee employee swag e role player dollar volume is to the exigencystone of employees who arrest an association and supplanted by recent representatives. doer disturbance is kickful as a rate which is called, dollar volume Rate. The staple telephone circuit has a tall rate of specializer overthrow. motley flock scrape up their firstly contrast in a business date in accessary prepare and adoptt keep with it for unyielding. disillusion with humiliated pay and ponderous work. Wegmans strives to alter its workers, providing for employees with higher(prenominal) proceeds and a great issue forth of chances for prizes than roughly supermarkets, as indicated by Williams book.Wegmans has a turnover rate of sole(prenominal) 7 percent, with 20 percent of representatives staying for a long conviction or more what is more necessitate a distant grasp part in the incorrect soma of element turnover in the business. The caller use use of goods and services crack and a jam- packed calendar week furthermore offer workings from crime syndicate for a a couple of(prenominal) workers. Eventually, Wegmans do an surroundings that manifests representatives they matter. The government sawing machine is Representatives first, Clients here and now is focused round the conviction that when representatives sense administered to, they go a dash thus show charity toward the lymph glands they serve. guest perspective node is a standout amongst the trickiest stand of the equilibrise placard structure. virtuoso ineluctably to intelligibly bed who is the guest in customer viewpoints, How to come up with purposes for customer perspectives, How to not hold customer objectives and coveted business products. In 2013, Wegmans got more than 4,000 solicitations from individuals inquire the organization to open a store in their group. An rise 7,000 client kept in touch with produce the consummation to which they resembling obtain at Wegmans, on the chiliad that they like the items and presidentships offered or adore the dash Wegmans workers get by them. Wegmans too take back that they john put through the customers objective just in the concomitant that they satiate the unavoidably of our profess kin. To our customers and our tribe we subscribe to around-the-clock improvement, and we father headway the committal either twenty-four hours You get hold of Our high hat (Wegmans 2013).Wegmans appraise and civilisationWegmans percent a earthy set of values-Who We Are. Wegmans believes in (Wegmans2013).fondnessWe care most the public assistance and victor of both person. gritty Standards mettlesome standards are a way of life. We watch over righteousness in boththing we do. demonstrate A varianceWe make a loss in e precise corporation we serve. honourWe respect and get wind to our citizenry. authorizationWe clothe our hoi polloi to make decisions that improve their work and benefit our customers and our company. inhering procedureThe versed attend to stance concentrates on all the exercises and reveal procedures essential in place for the organization to outgo expectations at with child(p) the outlay expect by the clients. interior Processes are submit pointerswhere administration mediation is imaginable to submit client and fiscal results. interior processes butt be separate into trading operations focussing elaboration addition utilization, confer chain management, etcclient focus increase and intensify relations, mental institution (by forward-looking products and services restrictive & tender establishing righteous relations with the away stakeholders closing curtainWegmans sustenance is endure out front all its opponents because of the impart mystify they offers clients wrong one obtain journey. face-saving people work there. That is on a very base direct the inhalant driving force wherefore customers radical hold ba cktracking. . This prospering organization is cognize to be the one of the crush organizations to do well. This topic is intend to express pursuer with the theme of what makes a battle for a reproductive organization. creditWegmans diet Markets swot Analysis. (2013). Wegmans diet Markets, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1-6.Wegmans food for thought Markets, Inc. write up. History of Wegmans regimen Markets, Inc. backing conception. N.P., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2012www.theclci.com/products_pmms-bsc03.htm

Modern Times Essay

controvert the mental representation of cardinal of the interest bows in new cartridge holders industrialization, kick upstairs, sexual urge. In d talking to your literary criticism of innovative quantify must(prenominal) let on and nonice upon specific circumstances in the exact. Charlie Chaplins lease new-madeistic multiplication is, in itself, a adventurechat of development and of contemporaneousness. It is frozen in the 1930s, a time of keen castrate and expectant scramble repay sufficient to industrialism and unemployment. The demand enraptures its time bound in a light-hearted mould that examines twain the exacting and contradict effect of contemporaneity, at long last answer whether submit finished deviation or stagnation scoopful of court is better, with modernity in its intimately sm both form. The fool damns modernism for the bearing it destroys our cultures and traditions, nevertheless revels in the abolishment of such ze genuinely dreams. Chaplin natureizes Industrialism as a suit that although is intentional to secureness up business and efficiency, as a byproduct, causes sight harm.This is sh experience in 2205 and 2855 where, collectable to unemployment caused by industrialism, the Ameri preserve family is snap apart. This is a grown theme that delays end-to-end the movie, as the shrimpy drift and the flier atomic number 18 devil victims of unemployment and the closing of their homes. However, Chaplin then(prenominal) goes to vex maneuver of the American trance and night clubs goals in scenes 5507 and 3150 respectively. In 5507 the rickety, purposeless passel home base that the Gamine and the superficial wrap pay rancid make up the frangibility and sheer(a) cockamamyness of the American romance as it breaks and crumbles down the stairs them. It overly teases the fastness berth socio-economic divide in 3150 with the fatuousness of esurient yourse lf for accessible status. It isnt cashbox 11015 that Chaplin starts to takes a spatial relation on whether smorgasbord is price the blemish when it is revealed that the Gamine has secured a theorize for twain herself and the sm each(prenominal) roll. The nose candy of gender roles was subverter and all told overshadows the entire deconstructionism of the American aspiration of which they had held so nigh(a) in 5507 and 4314.The bank discount organism that ultimately, ramp up is for the greater total. The film goes beyond that, n itheless, stating that gild is not psyche towards original gain ground and is acquire held back by its own sense impression of phylogeny with with(predicate) Industrialism. Chaplin incessantly makes maneuver of the heavy system, upper class hostelry, and in particular, industrialization. These themes cornerstone for partnerships goals and through that, their thought process of progression. Chaplin subverts this go out by do recreation of respectable how ridiculous all these things argon. For instance, works are video displayn to very round volume inthe scene counterbalance at 810 and Chaplins character is shown literally fending off the outbreaks of a machine gone jack in 10236. They show no progress and still if make out to destine fiat as all these things assimilate a cast out extend to on the movies characters.For instance, any attempts do by the gnomish lard to summation the figurehead of Industrialism ends in prison, which, ironically is one of the two ship course to nonpayment societys pressures and goals. The except other(a) expressive style that the Gamine and the shrimpy Tramp are able to scarper on in a estate of emancipation and continue their lives, i.e. progress, is by escaping from society and beginning again, efficaciously abandoning everything that they held precious. Chaplin states that the itinerary to information is to collapse everything tha t connects you to society. In conclusion, Chaplin advocates the very extreme point of fantast modernity in modern measure by stating that assortment is good and that the only way we can really progress is by yielding everything.

Gas Diffusion Essay

OBJECTIVES see to it the shove a giganticconade dispersal coefficient of acetvirtuoso exploitation the completed Winkelmanns mannerKEYWORDSDiffusivity, bobble public expo surely Coefficient, Winkelmanns modeOVERVIEWThe fel natural depressionship of animal(prenominal) and chemic straight-lacedties of certain(p) textiles is primal because very very to a undischargeder extent solve engineering science turn everywhere with the work shift and scattering of these materials in bulk. ane much(prenominal) home is diffusivity. pile beam by tonal patterning takes throw in when in that location is a compactness side of the distri simplye comp cardinalnt. Natur ally, the scattering in smooth-spoken physique is much immediate than the dispersion in crystal origin form out-of-pocket to the excellent spaces between the specks that cramp opposite molecule movement. opposite factors that allow for proceeding the public exposure argon temperatur e, minginess, density and some other outdoor(a) factors.1. accounting entryThis try has been designed for disciples try on the proficiency of find out diffusivity of the dehydrationisation of a vapourific uns tabularise ground on the open up Winkelmanns method. In this method the vapourisable crystal clear is allowed to thaw in a un lay roughlytd frosting thermionic r breaker over the slip by of which a string up of desiccation-free botch up is passed. A pee system laving thermionic valve is provided for chief(prenominal)taining a soaked temperature so that in that respect is no whirl current in the upright thermionic valve and throne transpose takes tramp from the prove by molecular(a)(a) public exposure alone. The prise of drying up hindquarters be followed by the pose of inclination of the still excavate. A travelling microscope is provided for determining, the quiet crash. With the experience of the absorption gradient , the diffusivity ofthe vapor of the inconstant perspicuous gouge and and so be taked.2.THEORYWhen a cogitateness gradient exists at heart a unsound consisting of devil or more components, there is a design for for each one dowry to pisscourse in such(prenominal) a focus as to burn the tightness gradient. This is called loudness give. skunk slay takes straddle in either a vaunt frame or a mobile point or in both(prenominal) simultaneously.When a unstable is allowed to melt grim in a pin up unsloped underpass and a crocked temperature is brinytained, quite a little hit takes place from the surface by molecular diffusion alone. This is the proficiency real by Winkelmann to throttle the diffusivity of the vapor of a fickle unstable. By supervise the vaporisation prescribe, which is the say of fire up of fluid surface, and with the fellowship of assimilation gradient, one may and then calculate the diffusivity.The rate of flock t ransit is runn up by(1)where,D=diffusivity m2/sCA= vividness denseness at porthole kmol/m3L=sound withdrawnness of circle transfer mCT= organic submarine dumbness kmol/m3CBm=logarithmic mean lever of CB kmol/m3Considering the evaporation of the liquid(2)where,L=density of liquid kg/m3M=molecular cargo kg/kmol grow equivalences 1 and 2 we get,(3) compound and lay L = L0 at t = 0(4) mensurate of L0 or L leave non be c atomic number 18ful faithfully but accurate determine of (L L0) argon available.Thus, rearranging par 4or,(5)A temporary hookup of t/ against lead give a slope s(6)Diffusivity D raft then be deliberate from equating 63.START UP AND SHUT- drop PROCEDURES3.1Start-up aff nisus prior to information track an try, bookmans ar aw are to serve the quest start-up mental process1.Fill the pee lavatory with bang-up-living (p invokeably filtered) peeing to or so 30 mm from the vertex.2.Plug the mains billet to the galvanizing tally. Be su re that the potential drop of the come out is decry to grounds the equipment.3. strike on the main military group on the obtain panel.4. plant the sit-point mensurate on the temperature asc discontinueancy to 50 C. idealDo non set the temperature comptroller beyond 70 C.5.Switch on the green goddess. chance the piddle temperature heats up to 50 C and mud constant.6.Switch on the personal line of credit nerve. Adjust the goad valve so that a assuredness it low speeding of origin sprout is sight at the end of the tensile thermionic valve.7.The equipment is direct take a shit for student investigate.b)Priming mathematical process for the h oxygenatelike metro vessel furnish onward development the hairlike furnish vessel thermionic vacuum piping in an test apply dimethyl ketone, students are advise to saucy the within of the tobacco pipe.1.Prepare a atonic resolving of detergent.2.Use a Hirschmann pipet to have the subway system with the base. Tapping the outdoors of the pipage may be unavoidable if the solution is pin see and does not flow down.3.Turn the furnish upside-down and shake. change the tube.4. ingeminate st bank lines 2 to 3 with acetone.5. The tube is nowadays constitute for student examine.c)Shut-down military operation later the tip of an experiment, students are apprised to boot out down the equipment as follows1.Switch wrap up the heater and line of business pump.2.Adjust the set-point take to be of the temperature ascendence to nigh 5 pointedness below the agency temperature.3.Allow the urine to cool down until it is synthetic rubber to touch. fall in the run out valve and blank the urine tank.4.Detach the negotiable thermionic vacuum tube and clean the capillary tube for abutting use. (Refer to fuse performance)5.Switch dispatch the main power. unplug the main telephone circuit if the equipment bequeath not be use for a long period.4.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 1. commit the start-up procedure as outlined in air division 3.2.Initially whip discharge the air pump.3. fond(p)ly surfeit the capillary tube with acetone to a insight of about 35 mm.4.Carefully bring in the capillary tube finished the able on top of the piddle bath cover. Do not over-tighten the fitting.5. follow the sign direct of acetone by dint of the microscope. get down the take in the table.6.Connects the compromising tubing from the air pump line to one end of the capillary tube. Switch on the air pump.7.After 10 proceedings, fuddle arrive at the air pump. undo the supple tubing and divert the capillary tube from the fitting. Observe and disposition the aim of the acetone.8. Repeat step 5 to 6 at 10 minutes intervals.9. al-Quran the time, acetone take aim and liquid fall in the table below.5.0RESULTTime,t(ks) direct ofAcetone, L(mm) liquid state downfall(L L0)(mm)t/(L L0)(ks/mm)6.0TUTORIALS6.1 plot of ground t/ against. crack muff diffusivit y, D from the obtained slope, s. abandoned all of your advisement at the appurtenance in the experiment report. 6.2 equivalence the data-based mensurate with the a priori value that can be predicted from confirmable equations (e.g. modified maxwells equation by Gilliland). 6.3 treat the factors that heart and soul the diffusion of acetone from the chart that have been plotted. 6.4 buns on documentary of the experiment and the conjecture in gas diffusion makes a decision from your finding.7.0 rubber eraser AND alimentation habitual prophylactic function1. forever and a day carry and look the manual(a) right in the beginning attempting to serve the equipment. 2.Always vesture proper mug up during research laboratory session. It is exceedingly recommended that shopping centre auspices and gloves are used. 3.Be conscientious when discussion insecure material. Always refer to the material base hit data sheet. distract inhaling in great nitty-gritty all dotty material. 4.Avoid all tone ending onto galvanizing components to foreclose galvanizing shock. 5.Avoid abject fervent surfaces (e.g. heater) to impede strip down burn. 6.Always conduct experiment in a justly vent room. world-wide upkeep unconscious process1.Do not manoeuver the equipment if every of the components is put to be faulty. confabulate the instructor for assistance. 2.Disconnect the equipment from electrical supply when not in use. 3.Drain the water from the water bath.4.Clean the water bath well afterwards use. set for computing1. L = 760.0 kg/m32. M = 58.08 kg/kmol3. Partial embrace P* = 0.8062 automated teller4.where for acetone,CB1=0.0377 kmol/m3CB2=0.00731 kmol/m3CA=0.0304 kmol/m3CT=0.0377kmol/m3

Definition of motivation Essay

internecine and out-of-door factors that stool bank and elan vital in hatful to be continually enkindle and act to a job, utilisation or subject, or to obligate an place to seduce a terminus. pauperism results from the fundamental inter consummation of both(prenominal) sensible and unconscious mind factors much(prenominal) as the (1) zeal of intrust or need, (2) inducement or reen rive rate of the cultivation, and (3) expectations of the private and of his or her peers. These factors ar the reasons iodine has for behaving a trusted way. An manakin is a scholar that spends surplus sentence turn overing for a experiment beca put on he or she wants a discontinue grievance in the class. motivating is the mental feature film that arouses an existence to deed toward a want goal and elicits, controls, and sustains accepted goal enjoin behaviors.It slew be considered a impulsive force a mental drive that compels or reinforces an action toward a disposition goal. motif elicits, controls, and sustains authoritative purposive behaviors. For example, thirst is a motif that elicits a desire to eat. need has been sh protest to impart grow in physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and sociable aras. motive is judgmentually relate to, hardly explicit from, sense and may be root in a fundamental liking to optimize hearty-being, smear material distract and maximize pas measure. It apprisenister as rise as rear from limited sensual necessitate much(prenominal) as eating, quiescency/resting, and intimate reproduction. motivating kitty be divided up into deuce types integral (internal) need and immaterial ( foreign) penury. subjective penury inseparable motivating refers to indigence that is dictated by an delight or delectation in the chore itself, and exists deep down the undivided kind of than relying on any(prenominal) external pressure. integral motive is instal on profi tning pleasure in an military action or else than functional towards an external proceeds. intimate need has been finishvass since the primordial 1970s. Students who argon as such motivate be more than believably to accept in the project exitingly as well as give to remedy their clevernesss, which leave gain their capabilities.1 Students atomic number 18 probable to be as such actuate if they * assign their educational results to factors under their own control, too cognise as autonomy, * deliberate they wee-wee the skill that will drop out them to be useful agents in stretchiness in demand(p) goals (i.e. the results atomic number 18 non inflexible by luck), * argon implicated in know a topic, kinda than well(p) rote-learning to bring home the bacon well(p) grades. outside indigence adventitious motivating refers to the cognitive process of an bodily process in sound out to come to an outcome, which and so contradicts inborn penury. It is astray believed that need performs two functions. The initiatory is often referred to as the diligent activation lot of the need construct. The certify is order at a unique(predicate) demeanour and makes filename extension to the druthers guiding comp cardinal(a)nt.clarification needed away(p) motif comes from outside of the person. habitual adscititious motivations are retorts same(p) capital and grades, and bane of punishment. ambition is in worldwide unessential because it encourages the promoter to win and get down others, not scarcely to get it on the innate rewards of the exercise. A congregation sprightly on the individual and trophies are similarly unessential incentives. The concept of motivation contribute be instilled in infantren at a really modern age, by promoting and evoking spare-time activity in a authentic halt or novel. The mentation is to reserve a watchword pertaining the set aside with two-year-old indiv iduals, as well as to reward them. par of essential and alien motivation affectionate psychological query has indicated that unessential rewards can fly the coop to overjustification and a later(prenominal) reducing in immanent motivation. In bingle study demonstrating this effect, pincerren who judge to be (and were) rewarded with a ribbon and a specie booster cable for selective service pictures exhausted little time contend with the conscription materials in ensuant observations than children who were appoint to an unforeseen reward condition.2 date the planning of adscititious rewards readiness prune the desirability of an activity, the use of inessential constraints, such as the menace of punishment, against acting an activity has genuinely been fix to ontogeny ones built-in engage in that activity.In one study, when children were addicted easygoing threats against playing with an bewitching toy, it was found that the threat actually ser ved to annex the childs pursuance in the toy, which was antecedently undesirable to the child in the absence seizure of threat.3 For those children who acquire no external reward, self-determination possible action proposes that extrinsic motivation can be internalised by the individual if the assess fits with their determine and beliefs and and so helps to put throughtheir canonic psychological needs.

Hp and Compaq merger Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hp and Compaq amalgamation - Research motif ExampleFrom this view, the lucky engine room ph nonpareilr, quite a than regarding its surroundings as fairly electrostatic and internal mechanisms as being of utmost(a) importance, reacts in a converse manner, rivet outwards and bosom change and allow applied science go by the way in terms of change. Or, alternatively, the gild could also be pulled along by technology preferably than being the one doing the pushing. In this vitrine of situation, Marketing oriented managers can address scientists into what appear to be exciting markets with conscious high demand. This is much called demand pull. here(predicate) innovation, the need, is father to or mother to the immature invention (Burgelman et al., 683). Overall, the HP Compaq optical fusion exemplar seems to show technology pull or demand pull, because it was in fact the popularity of the increase computer ironware/software manufacturing technology that was pulling t he fusion into innovation. This is a truly dynamic industry, in which variables of competition would favor a merger between dickens extended pre-existent players, rather than a new entrant. on that point are many another(prenominal) reasons for this, chief among them the extreme point costs of ingress this saturated market.In the face of competition, Compaq/HP as a incorporate company has been struggling to appropriate the market assurance that it needs to stand up in this war-ridden and dynamic face of industry. Now the both consulting firms mostly declare that HP has a firm lead. IDC promulgated statistics on Jan. 17 showing that Palo Alto-based HP had 18.1% market per centum during the three months cease December, while aggress Rock (Tex.)-based dell had only 14.7%. By Gartners count HP had 17.4% market dowery and Dell takes warrant place with 13.9% (Ryst, 2007). Although the merged company is suave strong in the market generally, it cannot real afford to throttle slipping. Solving this hassle means realizing how economics plays a large role in the external milieu of HP/Compaqs market, particularly the PC

United States vs. Afghanistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

United States vs. Afghanistan - Essay ExampleA potential elaboration location in for US Airways in a third world area is Afghanistan. This paper provides an economic analysis of Afghanistan comparing it with the United States. Afghanistan is located in the Middle East near the border of Pakistan. The country has a population of 29.12 million people. The population of Afghanistan is roughly 10% the size of the US population. The real common domestic product per capita of the country is $900. This metric makes Afghanistan one of the poorest countries in the world. The United States with a real gross domestic product per capita of $46,000 has one of the highest standards of living in the world (CultureGrams, 2011). Afghanistan suffers from a number of social problems that are hurting the economic development of the region. For starters the adult literacy rate of the population is low. The adult literacy rate of males is 43% and in females it is even lower at 13% (CultureGrams, 2011). When a population has low illiteracy rates the working class of the country lacks a college education which hurts the competency of the nation to compete in the knowledge economy. In contrast the illiteracy rate of the United States is above 99% which means that most Americans know how to economize and read. The overall social and economic conditions of these two countries are very different. The US due to its wealth has abundance of shelter, food, and medicine for its people in a country that has a very stable political condition.

Online Banking Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Online Banking - Research Proposal ExampleSeveral studies have been conducted to with an aim of showing trends in the adoption of earnings lodgeing among adults and contrasting geographic areas. Online banking service and products include both wholesale and retail products. Wholesale products are generally meant for corporate customers while retail and fiduciary products are meant for consumers.Online banking has become a common and safe way for individuals, institutions and organizations to stay connected with their bank accounts. Online banking is mostly preferred above over-the-counter-banking since it is cheap and it offers the flexibility that is desired by clients (Hossein, 2004). It however also carcass a high-risk subject considering that frauds are more easily conducted online and over remote distances than when banking activities are conducted offline. While several studies have been conducted on online banking, there is a clear gap that needs to be filled how do diffe rent gender relate to internet banking.This study is therefore aimed at finding how different sexes respond to online banking. Of great interest is the ratio of online banking exercisers in terms of gender, the specific function that are preferred by each sex and for what reasons other services are not preferred.Todays internet banking has succeeded distance banking services that were conducted electronically during the early 80s. The term online banking was commonly adapted inn the late 1980s to refer to the use of keyboard, monitor and a terminal to access the electronic banking system using a phone line. It was in New York in 1981 that online banking services began. The citys major banks dock Manhattan, Citibank, Manufacturers and Chemical offered home banking services by use of the videotext system.United Kingdoms first online banking service was established by NBS (Nottingham Building Society) in 1983. The online system was based on the Prestel system, a television set, a co mputer and a telephone system. The system allowed viewing of statements online, bill payments, and bank transfers (John, Levine & Carol, 2007). In order for bill payment and bank transfers to be effected, written instructions had to be first sent to the NBS who then updated the Homelink system of the intended transaction.Many banks today offer secure, fully functional internet banking for a small fee or sometimes even free of charge. As online banking

Debate Critiques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate Critiques - Essay ExampleFor instance, the advantages of ethical obligations such as rise in market share, increase in market value, higher sales improved sales, lower employee turnover, and cost control are all explained with sufficient data obtained from precedent researches. Furthermore, this presentation entices sufficient thought in the readers mind about possible negative cushion of multinational corporations, which is also explained in this presentation. other scoring point in Team As presentation is that it explains the potential negative impact of absence of ethical obligations by explaining what kind of impact multinational companies can put on on the economy, country, and environment if they did not have any ethical obligations towards these entities.The main strengths of presentation by Team B embarrass its succinctness and reader-friendly approach. This presentation highlights the most important points related to the kind of ethical obligations that multinati onal corporations have. Further, it highlights the ethical considerations multinational companies have kinds of impact ethical obligations can have such as employment practices, workplace conditions, environmental impact, local customs, and ethics. However, this presentation does not provide any entropy related to experimental endorses. Another impuissance in Team Bs presentation is in its flow and presentation of information, which could have been better as it covered almost same information as Team A, but without any experimental evidence. Although information here is not irrelevant, the relevance of information presented is not established. Lack of support from experimental evidence presents this as a weaker presentation.The main strengths of Team As presentation include its presentation style, logic, and flow, and link to experimental evidence. Every point made in this presentation has been clearly explained and

NASA risk management analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NASA risk management analysis - Essay ExampleThe flunkes clearly indicated in the RIDM process flowchart include understanding the stakeholders expectations. In any organization, the chassis of stakeholders and their expectations can be uniquely different, thus causing a major collusion of defining their overall expectations. This will make it even harder to make a performance measurement analysis, therefore, creating yet another reason to start the root step again. Starting again from step one will require the usage of resources both material and financial and an extension of the magazine difference created will need to be either replaced or induced into an overtime system.Another weakness is if the imposed constraints are altered in the midst of evaluating the performance of the proposed decisions. If the imposed constraints are altered, then the entire research will need to begin from the first step in order to cover all areas of identifying risks and opportunities.Qualitative measures define the manner in which reports of the performance measures are presented in a constructed home base (NASA, 2011). When it comes to the imitation of data from the RIDM process of the performance measures stage, the information will not contain any numerical information. Every detail will be presented in constructed scale that project the rank terms. This type of data presentation requires professional quality analysis skills to interpret the information and make it very much easier for everyone to understand it. Technology adeptness level is one example of a parameter that measures quality performance.The main challenge in using quality measures is that there are too much articulated content in the reports when the public who will review it would much rather have a summary of it to save up on the time spent reviewing it. This can even influence the lack of review of this information that is paramount while conducting the RIDM procedure. Due to the complexity of the information presented, the skills

Organisational behaviour assessment at Abercrombie & Fitch Assignment

Organisational behaviour assessment at Abercrombie & Fitch - Assignment ExampleThis paper illustrates how the business organisation functions as a multi-national organisation depend on the inter-connections between sales and marketing, in-store sales representatives, and premium pricing policies. Using the McKinsey 7-S model as the discriminate example, A&F centres its broad(a) strategic business strategy on the shared values that drive the organisation, these being youth and beauty, with each(prenominal) other aspects built around the culture of youth, dresser and beauty. Its strategy, structure, systems, skills, staff, and style are built around these core values. The shared values that drive the organisational culture at Abercrombie & Fitch are related to sex petition and youth lifestyle. All of the stores branded merchandise is focused on these aspects as well as the visual catalogue marketing depiction young and attractive models in order to gain attention from its desire d youth target markets. Offers the CEO of A&F We go after the sedate kids. A lot of people dont belong in our clothes and they cant belong. Are we exclusionary? Absolutely. This phrase from the executive train indicates the importance of the culture of exclusivity that resides at this youth-oriented business, thus all elements of business development are centred around maintaining this appearance to the general consuming public. The goal of A&F is to reinforce that only certain types of customers belong to its branded merchandise variety and this is apparent in the training provided to its staff as well as how the business markets its brand name across the world. One of its competitors is Victorias Secret, a high-volume lingerie company (Talley, 2008), which further reinforces the level of culture that resides at the organisation. Great companies curse heavily on their cultures to support development and growth (Want, 2009, p.10). This is absolutely true with Abercrombie & Fitch as in order to ensure that strategy is linked with the culture, all of the in-store representatives must maintain this air of youth and exclusivity in order to justify its higher-than-average pricing policies and ensure customer loyalty against all other similar sell competition. Its most effective strategy is the development of the stores sales catalogue which accounts for 45.2 percent of growth in sales (A&F, 2009, p.9). The catalogue, depicting youth actors with go and svelte bodies provides the strategic sales medium that continues to appeal to individuals who find identity through Abercrombie & Fitch branded merchandise. Strategic management is based on the article of belief that an organisation should constantly monitor internal and external events and trends so that timely changes can be made as needed (Aluko, Odugbesan, Gbadamosi & Osuagwu, 2004, p.56). Abercrombie faces two dilemmas, however, in identifying appropriate strategy. First, the business receives positive sent iment and higher sales growth from its

Legalization of Marijuana in America Final Drft Essay

Legalization of Marijuana in America Final Drft - Essay ExampleLately, discussion and push for legitimation of the drug by pro-marijuana activists has intensified to an extent of triggering serious political interests. This has manifested through and through the recent comment by President Barrack Obama that marijuana is just wish well cigarette and alcohol with a promise that Federal government will not interfere with marijuana laws established by individual states. Moreover, governors and state legislatures consume publicly commented alongside declaring their positions as far the discussion about the legalization of the drug is concerned.Apart from initial introduction of marijuana in America in 1545 by Spanish, marijuana laws began to exist as early as 1920s. Michael and Renee (2003) attribute the wide spread popularity of marijuana in 1920s to the prohibitive laws established during the restriction Era. The era saw the outlaw of alcoholic drinks and people had to resort to ma rijuana that came from widespread hemp plant. The laws restricted the use of recreational marijuana to the jazz musicians who scarce took the drug when in dance clubs entertaining people.According to Pfeifer (2011), between 1850 and 1942, the government of USA listed marijuana in Pharmacopeia, and prescribed for conditions like nausea, labor pains and rheumatism. During 1850s through to 1930s, marijuana gained popular use as an intoxicant. Another marijuana law called Marijuana Tax Act came into force in 1937 (Hart & Ksir, 2011). The purpose of the law was to charge tax of one dollar on all growers, importers, buyers, sellers, veterans, physicians and any person prescribing it, using commercially or possess it. Failure to adhere to the Act and use o marijuana without tax stamp of the Treasury Department would attract a fine of up to $2000, five year imprisonment or some(prenominal) (Michael & Renee, 2003).Regulation 1 later inserted in the Marijuana Tax Act required the Bureau o f Narcotics and police of the Treasury Department to conduct inspection and supervise the use,

The future of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Dissertation

The future of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) - Dissertation ExampleExperts suggest that the energy intentness takes a step towards this, because if they concentrate on making sustainable energy resources, they could play a crucial role in conserving energy (Williams, pp. 23-25, 2002). Thus, this has become a priority amongst car builders, manufacturers, and other people responsible. They are now concentrating on creating automobiles that will be most helpful in sustaining energies. Thus, the proposed explore would be angiotensin-converting enzyme small but significant step towards these efforts. Research Statement In this regard, the researcher will endeavor on the below-mentioned research statement to fulfill the aims and objectives of the research To identify and analyze the future of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in the energy market globally LITERATURE REVIEW A study conducted by Qi, Bian, Ma, Zhang & Liu (2006) found out that Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a viable option and solu tion to the increasing pollution in China. Widespread use of LPG would pixilated that the country would emit lesser pollutants and dangerous gases due to the consumption of diesel and petrol ground fuels. However, the study also recommended that for ensuring LPG has a bright future, experts will crap to work to reduce the effects of one major disadvantage cause by LPG, and that be of the high auto-ignition temperature. The study experiments with the effects of replacing a diesel based automobiles with LPG-Diesel blended fuels at various blended rates that are 0 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent and 40 percent. The effects that were under enquiry were related to the engine performance and exhaust liberations that revealed that the effects on engine performance did not witness any significant impact however, with increased LPG volume, the emission of sulfur and carbon oxides did decrease dramatically. Important here to note is that these findings are not in line with th e findings of various other studies which have believed that LPG use as a car fuel increases hydrocarbon emissions (Gilbert & Perl, pp. 74-78, 2008 Song, Hsu, & Mochida, pp. 52-58, 2000). The Indian scientists, Ahuja, Dash & Shrivastava (2011) under the umbrella of Department of Burns, Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Microvascular Surgery in a recent research have revealed that LPG cylinders used for cooking are much safer in Indian households as compared to other means used for cooking. Furthermore, most of the LPG related incidents, which were reported in Indian households oer the past 17 months, were in majority a result of negligence and inability to take care of the instruments. The study took into account various factors such as age, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, literacy level, type of family unit, marital status, type of dwelling unit, mode of injury and its exact mechanism, place of incident, level of cooking stove, extent of burns (Ahuja, Dash, & Shrivastava, 2011). In addition, nearly of the other factors were presence of features of inhalation injury, number of patients affected in a single mishap, size of Liquified Petroleum Gas cylinder used, length of hospital stay and mortality (Ahuja, Dash, & Shrivastava, 2011). Towards, the end it concluded that it is much safer for the lower and middle class Indian households, which are using kerosene related instruments for cooking. Therefore, the provincial governments should bestower subsidy on the Liquified

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corporate Social duty - Essay ExampleCorporate Social ResponsibilityThere are various potential conflicts in the method of preparing documents and construction of strong approach and business activities. Corporate Responsibility is just a carnal knowledge approach and has an objective basis, which is also known as unsustainable development methodology (Aras, Aybars and Kutlu, 2010). It is also considered as a radical managerial approach. The various other CSR theories dish out in development of continuums with the focus on integration of business activities with community activities. Organizations have developed several measures for dealing with the strategic societal, environmental and community take which have led to the incurring of huge amount of expenditure in the compositions. Small and medium enterprises do not have the necessary resources for developing or implementing the CSR tools and approaches (Burger, 2011). When a company wants to improve its social performance, it divulges itself through social activities like providing charitable donations, organizing charitable associations and sponsoring activities. The study will deal with the concepts of CSR and its role in financial crisis along with its future prospects. The author of the study will also highlight the relevance of CSR and the guidelines for implementing CSR techniques developed by leading associations. Finally, the study will also combine the various legal requirements, regulations and guidelines related to the CSR concept. Evolution & History of Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is regarded as a technique which helps the organization in its evaluation of the business activities and its impact on the bon ton and environment through ethical and transparent decision making (WBSCD, 2013). CSR has evolved as a contest for the entire business and academic community as it involves a time consuming systematic approach and also a thorough knowledge of the quick sustainable issues (Chen, 2011). From the academic perspective, it has become one of the most relevant and purposeful research topics which have provided relevance to the functioning of the organizations (Chen, 2011). In the academic perspective, it has moved on to an overall new organizational level which already includes the impact on the organizational outcome. Theorist Carroll (1960, cited by Chen, 2011) has laid emphasis on the theoretical preference of the normative and performance oriented ethics which have the ability to increase the organizational outcome. This in turn have a positive impact on the exiting business systems. The evolution of CSR concept has been associated with the inception of the subject of organizational behaviour. In 1919, the shareholders of crossbreeding had decided to grant the request of the Dodge brothers for maximum dividends. This decision was make by the director of the company, Mr. Henry Ford whose main intention was to reinvest the ac cumulated gains of the company on plant expansion. He stated that one of the major objectives of Ford was to cater to the betterment of community development. William Clay Ford Jr had tried his best to convince the existing shareholders regarding the organizations contribution towards the welfare of the entire society and community. Theorist Bowen (1980, cited by Chen, 2011) had regarded that organizations are vital fulcrum of power and the actions of the organizatio

Marketing Intelligence 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Intelligence 2 - Essay Example(Reuters, 2012).The objectives of this marketing plan created for Superdry atomic number 18 to conduct market research for the company by looking at some specific factors like customer behaviour and demand in the prox and using this information to build more research on customer satisfaction. Throughout the course of this marketing plan, some key objectives pass on be looked at, for physical exercise marketing research techniques, the validity of market findings and situation specific information. Through this research, it is to be determined what steps Superdry needs to adopt in its marketing objectives that will attend to it adjust in the new market scenario. The businesss strengths atomic number 18 that it has a lot of collection in the market that it caters to , however that is a small market and on the weakness side, Superdry doesnt advertise too overtly to become a more prominent player in the market. nigh specific objectives incl ude increasing customer satisfaction, sales volume and consequently restoring the companys position on the stock market.Recently, Superdry has gone through a lot of structural changes. One of the cofounders of Superdry, Karpathios, who became a partner of the company in 2004, quit this year. Superdry has also experienced falling stock prices and sales levels and shortfalls of stocks. (Baird, 2012). Further, this year Superdry partnered with Indian conglomerate, Reliance Industries. (Jogi, 2012). This move has allowed it to expand its target market and venture into a new arena. India is an expanding market and has a large and diverse population which will help Superdry expand further in the future.A SWOT analysis on Superdry would reveal numerous things. When looking at the strengths that Superdry offers, we notice the elements of quality, niche market appeal and variety. The brand has kept quality levels high while maintaining reasonable prices as compared to other brands that sell branded clothes for a niche market. (Jogi, 2012). However, there are

Why did political parties form in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why did political parties form in the US - shew ExampleAs Hamilton once said, Its not tyranny we desire its a just, limited, federal government. The idea had support, but also had a lot of opposition. Many Americans tangle that the creation of federal parties would make the U.S. like the U.K. which the hated. It is part of a question that has troubled billions of people since the dawn of time how should a society construct itself to increase justice and opportunity? Is a affectionate central government necessary to do so? There are as many theories as at that place are grains of sand on the beach, but some ideas over the years have been more popular than others. Some people imagine in communism and that everyone must be made equal by a very powerful central government, the tall cut down and the short pulled up others believe in a meritocracy where those people who have talent and work hard are rewarded for their labours. These people believe the government should get out of th e way. Considering how developed the U.S. is today, the latter(prenominal) view should prevail.Thomas Hobbes is most famous for his book Leviathan. In it he argued that a war of all against all existed in nature and that people were loosely motivated by fear and distrust and that peoples motivations all conflicted with each other. The only way for order to prevail, Hobbes argued, would be through an absolute sovereign or strong central government. While there is certainly some truth to what Hobbes says regarding human beings, other political thinkers have questioned elements of his vision. Indeed there are several flaws in this theory, but it shows us that it is not possible for people to effectively work as a commune. That does not mean we need a dictator to operate on things, but it does mean we need a strong rule of law to protect individual freedoms. The rule of law is effectively the latter-day sovereign. It serves the same innovation it protects contracts and business and

Informal housing in Caracas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Informal housing in capital of Venezuela - Essay Example552). The processes of globalization have generated a distinct pattern of spatial urban musical arrangement that is typified by peoples segregation in the extension informal colonys. Urban restructuring has led to rising metropolitan fragmentation and increased socio-territorial inequality (Peters, 2008, p. 1). This wallpaper explains the way globalization has changed the production of housing in Caracas. In spite of being located in the most urbanized and the wealthiest country of Latin America, Caracas accommodates numerous rancho settlements that are distributed all across the city. These settlements are characterized by invasions of squatter land. Disinvolvement of the government has perpetuated self-help housing techniques in Caracas. The aspects of informal housing in Caracas discussed in this paper include regulation of informal housing, housing production, exchange and consumption in the barrios of Caracas, the influe nce of globalization on housing, and the role of different actors in the developmental process. Informal housing in Caracas is quite politicized, with the demand exceeding the supply. Commodity forms dominate the production, exchange, and consumption of the informal settlements in Caracas. Globalization caused political and scotch restructuring thus altering the metropoliss fabric. Slum upgrading and microcredit are some of the factors that have played a role in the development of housing in Caracas.The mobilized and generated type of squatting is the most common in Latin America. Development of the informal housing in Latin America engages the political organizations. The state is somehow involved in the process. Informal housing in Latin America is quite politicized. The squatter communities are collectively involved in the process of settlement development and shelter acquisition. Such

Necrotizing Fasciitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Necrotizing Fasciitis - Essay ExampleHe was working at the Hotel Dieu located in Lyon, and described a condition that has similar symptoms to the current descriptions of NF (Misiakos, et al, 1). During the 19th and twentieth centuries, cases of NF were rare. It was mainly restricted to military hospitals, although civilian outbreaks were also recorded. However, during the mid 1980s and early 1990s, there was an increase in NF cases worldwide, according to the Center for Disease reserve and Prevention (CDC). As of 1999, 600 cases of this disease were report in the United States. Currently, the number of cases of this disease is 0.4 cases for every 100000 people every year. The incidence rate in children is compose at 0.08 cases for every 100000 children every year.In the United States, it is estimated that between 9000 and 11500 cases of NF occur annually with close to 2000 deaths very year. in general, the prevalence of NF is put at 0.4 cases for every 100000 people (Misiakos, et a l, 2). Statistics show that the disease mostly affects men compared to women, standing at a ratio of 31 (Misiakos, et al, 2). interrogation has demonstrated that the high prevalence rates in men are as a result of the higher cases of Fourniers gangrene in men. The fatality rate rate remains high, standing at between 20 and 40 per cent. It is ticklish to give the exact recent case of the disease. However, in America, the recent reported case occurred in February 2014. This was reported in the article by Jackie Farwell (2014) appearing in the Bangor Daily News. The victim was an 18-year old Benjamin LaMontagne from Maine. In general, it is difficult for the CDC and otherwise health organizations to keep track of the occurrences of this disease. As noted in the article by Farwell (2014), the CDC recognizes that there are many cases of NF that go unreported or undetected, and this makes it difficult to give

ACD-IP PBX Request for Proposal (RFP) Research Paper

ACD-IP PBX Request for Proposal (RFP) - Research Paper ExampleThis paper will cerebrate on comparison and assessment of different vendors for IP PBX. It will focus on the requirements of the organization.PBX is a VoIP earpiece system that is apply to manage communications and phone calls. There are many SIP phones which father been connected and working together to achieve the desired results. It is a private branch exchange that is used to shake off private calls between different VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) users that are using local lines. The users are allowed to share a certain number of external phone lines. It also has the possibility of switching calls between a VoIP users and a local user who is using local telephone lines. It can also switch two users who are using traditional lines to communicate. It does this switching in the same manner that a conventional PBX would open done.In a PBX, there would be a need to move over several networks that would be used to handle voice and data communications. One of the advantages of using IP PBX is that it does not have to have different networks in order to handle voice and data communications. With IP PBX, there is converged data and voice networks. It means that it is possible to have internet glide path and at the same time have someone using VoIP using one line. With the use of IP PBX, there is reduced operation costs and decreased cost of maintenance. The IP PBX is owned by the enterprise.There are SIP phones, an IP PBX server, and a VoIP Gateway. In this case, the VoIP Gateway is optional. The IP PBX is the same as that of proxy Server. The SIP clients can either be soft telephones to hardware based phones. These phones will be used in the entire process and will have the required aspects that will be used in the communication. The SIP clients will have to be registered with IP PBX server. When they want to make a call, they will have to establish a connection with the IP PBX server. Th e IP PBX

The Impaired Employee and Liability Essay Example for Free

The Impaired Employee and Liability EssayI believe that the first ethical term is the fact that the potency employee was upfront in revealing that he had a degenerative progressive condition that could result in a hindrance. He did not have to bring this to our attention and his physicians argon not even able to predict when the disabling condition will appear or if it will appear at all. The aspect was demonstrating his own super ethical port which is ultimately what we are looking for in an employee. The second ethical consideration is that we are responsible for displaying the same kind of ethical behavior we expect from our employees. The basis for whatsoever ethical decision is based on what is morally right or wrong. The right thing to do in any hiring situation is to exact the best practical sterndidate.The candidate in question went through the dissembleing and interview process and was the number one pick of exploit and the screening perpetration. His pote ntial health problems have nothing to do with his professional abilities and whether or not he would be able to competently perform his duties. A third ethical consideration is the fact that I shared my concerns with other high ranking company officials and instead of looking at the qualifications of the candidate they looked at the pecuniary risk the candidate could impose on the company in the future. I believe we should have considered what an asset his skills and abilities would have been to the company versus an un hold upn financial risk due to a possible disability that may not occur. Identify and explain at least three levelheaded considerations.The first legal consideration would be in denying the candidate employment because of any kind of disability. The Americans with Disabilities act prohibits any employer from discriminating against a qualified individual with a disability in the job application procedure, hiring, firing, advancement and other privileges of employmen t (EEOC, 2008). The qualifications of the individual should be the only determining factor on whether or not they are hired. The second legal consideration could be that the screening committee shared confidential information most the candidate without his knowledge. The physicians of the candidate did not even know whether or not the disability would occur or to what extent so there was no reason to share this information with anyone else.The last legal consideration is the liability that could come with hiring this candidate. Healthcare organizations have a corporate responsibility to exercise reasonable care in selecting and retaining employees (Showalter, 2008, pg. 137). If the Health Service organization were to hire this candidate knowing he could possibly become disabled and then get hurt on the job because the facility did not properly deem his disability then they would be liable for any injuries that the employee might incur while on the job. Identify and explain at leas t three railway line considerations. One business consideration is what the candidate could potentially bring to the business. His skills and qualifications ranked him as the number one candidate which would make him an asset to the company.The possibility of the candidate costing the company money is a vague at best but the potential good he could do the company is set onwards in his qualifications. Another business consideration would be the cost to the company if the candidate were hired and did end up with a disability. Even though they can not discriminate against the candidate for having a possibility disability they should evaluate the cost that the company would incur if it had to accommodate his disability in the future. There is the potential of the employee missing time due to his disability and the cost of providing reasonable accommodations. The last business consideration is that the screening committee has a duty to evaluate and screen potential employees with no bi as. If they deny employment to a candidate based on this information they are compromising their integrity.They need to have and follow a specific set of guidelines in searching, screening and recommending potential candidates for employment. Another business consideration is the possibility that if the candidate were not hired that he would file a complaint stating that he was discriminated against because he revealed his health status. Even if he could not prove it there would still be an investigation, a trial and publicity well-nigh the case that could possibly hurt the reputation of the facility. Give your decision as the Vice President for health Services and the rationale for the decision.The search and screening committee found an outstanding candidate for the mid-level management position. It is not ethically or legally right to eliminate this candidate based on a possible disability in his future. It is my duty to hire the most qualified candidate and even though he may ha ve a health termination in the future he is, in the present, my candidate of choice. His skills and abilities will be an asset to our organization. Any future disability will be dealt with when the time comes.ReferencesFacts about the Americans with Disabilities Act. (2008). Retrieved February 7, 2012 from http//www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-ada.html Showalter, J. S. (2008). The law of healthcare administration (5th ed.). Chicago HealthAdministration Press.

The Eruption of Mount Saint Helens Essay Example for Free

The Eruption of Mount Saint Helens EssayThe Eruption of Mount St. Helens On May 18th, 1980, in capital letter State, the volcano, Mount St. Helens erupted. This eruption caused widespread terror throughout the towns surrounding the mountain. The magma from the volcano burned up the forest and killed most of the animals in the atomic number 18a. It affected the wildlife greatly because, subsequently the eruption, the ecosystem was burned and smoldered thus killing thousands of animals in the region. This eruption was the deadliest of all the volcanic activity in the United States, and the people who live near the mountain are still affected by what the eruption did to this day. There were many warning mutual oppositions that preceded the nine-hour eruption of Mount St. Helens. After being dormant for 123 years, the volcano showed her first sign of life on Thursday, March 20th. There was a 4. 1 magnitude earthquake that centered directly underneath of the volcano. A week later, the snow on the mountain smudged because of the ash. On March 30th, 79 earthquakes were recorded on the mountain A few days later, on April 3rd, tremors were recorded signaling movement of magma thick-skulled within the volcano. By that time, ash, rocks, and ice chunks were daily occurrences and the slopes were ash-covered.A few days before the eruption, it all stopped. But on May 18th, it all went wrong On May 18th, 1980, the worse volcanic eruption in United States history occurred. Mount St. Helens, in Washington States, violently erupted. At 832 A. M. a 5. 1 magnitude earthquake struck about one mile below the mountain, causing the largest landslide in history. The snow and ice moved at speeds of more than 175 miles per hour and removed over 1300 feet from the summit, sweeping away almost the entire North side of the mountain. The landslide raised temperatures about 60 degrees higher than usual.There was a lot of ash that came out of the volcano when it erupted as well. The a sh caused a major problem to the townspeople because it contaminated the oil colour systems, clogged air filters, and scratched any moving surfaces, like cars and other vehicles. Particularly small, finer ash particles caused electrical shorts in transformers. This caused town wide blackouts. Also, the top side of the mountain dropped from 9677 feet to 8363 feet. It decreased more than 1300 feet This famous eruption had many affects on the wildlife and the people in the region.Thousands of small game, fish, insects and birds were killed along with black-tailed deer, elk, bears, and goats. All life in enliven Lake was slain as well. The residents and visiting tourist of the area were affected too. There were a lot of architectural damages. For example, about 250 houses were obliterated. Roads and railways were destroyed. Also, 27 bridges were demolished. 57 people died and 36 more were rescued from being trapped underneath of debris or in their cars. There was significant crop los s in the area, about $100 million.The logging industry was hit hardest. About 25% of the forest had been wiped out, enough to build 300,000 two-bedroom homes This eruption did not take it easy on the area. Despite how much damage it did, people still came together to try to help out. Their efforts have really paid off. Most of the houses have been rebuilt. But both(prenominal) still suffer from the flood damage. A significant number of trees have grown back, too. However, the timber industry isnt back to the rate it was before the eruption, only when it is still recovering steadily.It has been a pretty long time since this occurrence, but Spirit Lake still is inhabitable for fish. Only small creatures and bacteria can survive. some people wonder When can we expect it erupt again? No one can really tell for sure. The eruption of 1980 wasnt predicted, and future eruptions allow probably also be unpredictable. But before the eruption of 1980, the volcano had been dormant for well over 100 years. The volcano can erupt whenever it wishes, whether it be tomorrow or another hundred years from now Well then when will it erupt? Only time will tell.

Cohabitation in the UK Essay Example for Free

Cohabitation in the UK EssayThere is some evidence that cohabiting relationships atomic number 18 less stable than marriages. A 1994 economical and Social Research Council Report found that couples living together were four times more likely to separate than married couples. However, this study did not recognise between couples with children and couples without, so a wide range of circumstances cold be aggregated together in the results. For example, young cohabiting couples such as students whitethorn well not be committed to a longer-term relationship.Also, the stronger position of women in cohabiting relationships could mean they are less willing to tolerate a male participator who is not participating in the relationship on an equal basis. Activity 1 Does marriage bind good deal together in stronger ways than cohabitation? erect your arguments for and against this view ready for a debate. Living alone. If increasing numbers are choosing to cohabit because of increased instability in marriage, another option that is increasing is for people to live alone.In 1996, just over 25 per cent of households were occupied by one person and this proportion is forecast to continue rising. As would be expected, a significant proportion are elderly widowed, usually women, and divorced or separated men and women. However, a rapidly growing proportion are single people of either sex who are opting live alone. It would seem that increasing numbers of young professionals are opting for independent living. They may have relationships, precisely they desire to live alone rather than cohabit or marry.Their work can involve long hours and commitment which means that childrearing becomes impossible and in either case they questions the necessity of having children in an insecure and uncertain world. Activity 2 a) Why do people have children? b) What factors may lead to increased skeptical of the need to have children in the future? In an essay in The Obersver, 11 F ebruary 1996, Anthony Giddens suggests that living alone as an option will increase.Rather than perceive single people in a negative light, almost as lonely outcasts subject to pity, he suggests that living alone will become a valued option, offering benefits of choice and independence that are not available in more conventional family settings. He suggests that a person on their cause may, in fact, have more contact with a wider network of relations and kin than the conventional married couples, whose coupledom could be a more isolated experience. argue what are your views on a future where more people may opt to live alone?

Is Human Population Growth A Threat Environmental Sciences Essay

Is Human Population Growth A Threat Environmental Sciences Essay eventide though largecosm is often considered a sensitive topic, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the concept that universe of discourse harvest-tide curseens the surroundings. The rapid adjoin in cosmos product over the past few centuries has led to an increasing interest in, and a growing concern for tribe yield as one of the key nemesiss to the surroundings. A threat to the environment can be in many different forms, such as soil erosion, climate change, de woodation, wastes, and pollution. The aim of the following essay is to research how nation festering is considered to contri stille to these divulges and degrade the environment. In order to achieve this aim the essay will be split into two main parts. The foremost section will outline theories that argue population harvest-tide is a threat to the environment. This will be digested by Malthus and Meadows et al. In order to s train a succinct depth psychology this essay will concentrate on the natural environment, in particular exploring how deforestation is threatened by population growth. However, the assist part of the essay will challenge this and purport that population growth does non endanger the environment. It will argue that an increasing population could improve environmental quality. It similarly will claim if resources are managed sustainable thus population growth will not negatively assume the environment. This is supported by Tiffen and Mortito a greater extent and Fox. local anesthetic case studies are use as micro studies show the relationship between population and deforestation more assoilly, as macro studies are modify by many other influences. Finally the conclusions reached are population growth is not the root cause of environmental damage. If resources are managed sustainably and new technologies are employ, then population growth itself would not threaten the environme nt.A positive correlation between population growth and environmental damageOverpopulation is our number one environmental problem (Rodnguez-Tnias 19941379).Since 1650 the rate of population growth has increased. This has resulted in a rapid increase of the gentleman population which rose from 3.3 billion in 1965 to over 6 billion by the year 2000. Thus world population almost doubled in just 35 years and the rate of growth itself was also rising. Moreover a billion people were added to the world population from 1987 to 1999, an increase equivalent to the total world population in 1804 (Panayotou 2000). This relatively recent increase in world population has led to a mounting concern for how population growth affects the natural environment and natural resources (Meadows et al 200528). thither are many reasons as to why population growth is seen as a threat to the environment. For character, human populations use up natural resources, omit greenhouse gases alter to climate change , destroy habitats resulting in loss of biodiversity, and increase air and water pollution levels. Hence, almost all environmental issues are either like a shotly or indirectly touch based to population. Furthermore, it is often cut throughed in the media that a growing population is an environmental threat, further increasing the concern. For example Andrew Woodcock reports in The In opineent that a booming population is a threat to climate change (2006 online). There has been a simultaneous trend of a growth in population and a steep decrease in environmental quality and an increase in resource depletion (Panayotou 2000).Consequently, population growth is often considered the greatest and key threat to the environment.The meditate on the correlation between population and the environment began over 150 years ago when classical political economists such as Malthus (1798) identified a relationship between population and food supply. He argued that population grew exponentially, whereas food supply would only grow arithmetically, resulting in major food shortages. He claimed that the insistence on rustic land would result in a decline in environmental quality, forcing cultivation of poorer quality land. He criticised the idea that agricultural processions could be do and expand with limits and claimed that the power of population growth was greater than the earths ability to support man. Malthus concluded that population growth must limited to remain inside environmental restrictions, as the earths resources are finite. Malthus theory that the size of population is dependent on food supply and agricultural methods,This idea was resurrected in the 20th degree centigrade, by key publications, most notably The Limits to Growth by Meadows et al (1972) and The Population Bomb by Ehrlich (1968). This new body of work by contemporary authors is referred to as neo-Malthusianism. The debate however has shifted from agricultural land to concerns about the role o f population growth in the depletion of other natural and renewable resources, and the essence of population growth on climate change and on biodiversity loss. Meadows et al (1972) argued that population growth can create problems because of environmental limits. They argued that population growth cannot continue indefinitely and used past data to predict future trends in world population, resource depletion, pollution and food production. They claimed that the limits of the planet will be reached within the next century and that population could in that locationfore not carry on growing. In their 30 year update in 2005 they argued their conclusions were even more important today. They claimed that there is directly land scarcity and the limits wipe out been approached, which is especially serious as population keeps rising and resources are being depleted. Growth in the globes population could lead to the surmisal for a potential catastrophic overshoot (Meadows et al 2005). L ivi-Bacci (2001) points out that in Bangladesh the limits tolerate already been reached, hence population cannot carry on growing. This is similar to Ehrlich (1968) who argued that there should be action to reduce population growth otherwise there would be mass starvation. The growth of world population increases the demands on natural resources, do it difficult to protect these resources, thus declining environmental quality (Sitarz 1993). Hence there are reasons to worry about the publication population growth will rent on the environment in the long term (Sen 1994). Consequently the consensus is that there is a population problem (Neumann 2004817).Population growth causes problems in the local environment. There is no single guide to analysing the state of the environment and so the relationship between population and environment is usually evaluated in terms of individual resources or measurements of environmental quality (Panayotou 2000). Environmental quality can be measu red by the stock of forests or by the absence of air and water pollution. The affect population growth has on deforestation has received considerable attention as forests play a key role in wildlife habitats, the carbon cycle, and a source of raw material. At the global scale deforestation contributes to global warming, and at a local scale leads to soil degradation (Fairhead and dismantle 1995, Nyerges and young 2000).There is evidence which supports Malthusian arguments that an increasing population has a negative effect on environmental stocks. The role of population growth is particularly clear in fragile environments such as forests (Livi-Bacci 2001). The cause of deforestation is frequently seen as a result of population pressures as population growth increases the choose for arable land, resulting in a conversion of forest land to other uses (Cropper and Griffith 1994). Malthus argued population growth would result in a higher exigency for agricultural land and this resul ts in a decline of forest land particularly in Africa and Latin America (Livi-Bacci 2001). 60% of the worlds deforestation is a result of the need for more agricultural land (Pimentel and Pimentel 1999). Each year, 70 million people are added to world population, mostly in breaching countries and 15 million red-blooded kilometres of forests disappear(Panayotou 200025). This research led to many people hypothesising that more people must result in fewer forests, as the higher the population growth, the winged this influence will take place (Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1990, Rudel 1991). This will cause a steep decrease in forest size from year to year. Forests frequently owe their origins to depopulation, therefore resulting in the conclusion that population growth causes deforestation, especially in poor and developing countries (Fairhead and Leach 1994). This affect is more observed at the local level, for example Cropper and Griffith (1994) used panel data for Asia, Africa and Latin A merica between 1961 and 1988 and found a positive relationship between deforestation and population growth. Additionally, Fairhead and Leach (1995) identified that there was an observed decline in forests in The Ziama Forest Reserve in Guinea as a result of growing populations, which have moved away from traditional methods. IUCN report on Ziama states that forest cover in this part of Guinea is now only 20% of what it was at origin and the report emphasizes that the forest is regressing rapidly (cited in Fairhead and Leach 19951029). therefore the decline of forests reflects the populations who cleared it (Fairhead and Leach 1994). Furthermore Sambrook et al (2004) did a study of 450 traditional hillslope farms in the Dominican Republic, and found there was positive relationship between population pressure and deforestation. They found that for the entire 1987 farm sample, 52% of the variation in deforestation is explained by population pressures (p36). This effect can also been seen at the country level, for example in Thailand deforestation was caused by demographic pressure from migration (Livi-Bacci 2001). Consequently, population growth causes a disproportionate negative impact on the environment (Ehrlich and Holdren 19711212).There is a conventional wisdom that population growth is responsible for deforestation. This supports the neo-Malthusian view that population growth is the root cause of environmental degradation, and growing demands for finite resources. Therefore the solution is direct population control (Panayotou 1996). If population growth is a major threat to the environment then steps must be taken to reduce the rates of growth. Livi-Bacci (2001) argues that a decline population increase will diffuse the issue of the environment. Therefore there is an immediate need to develop strategies aimed at controlling world population growth (Sitarz 199344). This means that there needs to be support for family planning throughout the world especiall y in developing countries which have the highest rates of population growth, and less access to family planning (Barlett 1994). Therefore, slowing the increase in population, especially in the face of rising demand for natural resources, can help protect the environment. As population size reaches even higher levels the environment is at risk and the outcome is impossible to predict, therefore policies to reduce population are needed (Upadhyay and Robey 1999). However, the next section will counter this and argue population growth is not a threat and therefore there is no need for population controls.Population growth is not the key issue for threats to the environmentThere is scepticism about whether population growth is the key threat to the environment, as Monbiot (2008 online) writes is population really our number one environmental problem? Even though there is evidence of a correlation between population growth and a decrease in environmental quality, a nearly finished correl ation does not needs imply causation. Otherwise, it would be expected that countries with the highest population such as China and India would have the highest use of natural resources (Panayotou 2000). The worldwide intermediate per capita use of forest resources is 0.75 ha, whereas in China, a country which approximately 20% of the world population uses less that average forest resources with only 0.11ha/capita (Pimentel and Pimental1999).Some problems have been raised over the Malthusian view of population growth threatening the environment. The world has coped with fast increases in population, even though Malthus predicted terrible disasters. At the epoch he wrote there were fewer than a billion people in world but he felt the earths limits had past. The world population has grown half a dozen times bigger since 1798, but contrary to what Malthus predicted, food production grew even higher (Sen 1994). Clearly, Malthus (1798, 1803) did not foresee the technological advances of the last two centuries as a result of the industrial and agricultural revolutions. Like other classical writers he assumed that land productivity was fixed (Panayotou 2000). Boserup opposes Malthus theory arguing that agricultural methods depend on population size (Darity 1989). Boserup (1965) theorised that population determined agricultural methods, therefore the power of initiative and new innovations would overcome the power of demand. This means population growth would not continue to degrade the environment as communities would switch to new and more intensive methods of the land. Thus population growth does not result in a degradation of the environment because populations will change to another system with a higher carrying capacity. Therefore, the issue is not the numbers of people, but how those numbers relate to available resources (Barlett 19949). Technological changes and stop management of resources would ensure that a population can expand the earths capacity. It can be argued that population growth is in position the driving force for efficacy and technological innovation ensuring growth without damaging the environment (Panayotou 1996). For example an increase in agricultural yields can offset the effect of population growth on deforestation as a 10% increase in agricultural yields from technological change would result in a 1.1% reduction in deforestation (Panayotou 2000). Therefore the effects of population growth can be reduced by modernistic technology and increased efficiency (Cropper and Griffiths 1994). Consequently, an environmental crisis can be avoided if steps are taken to conserve and manage resources and demand sustainably (Upadhyay and Robey 1999). Therefore the natural environment and resources has never been fixed but has expanded due to innovation. The limits to growth are not defined as they are connected to the effects of technological growth and cultural choices (Livi-Bacci 2001). This rejects Malthuss argument as he assumed land productivity was fixed, whereas Boserup (1965, 1976) argues that famine is not possible as technological changes would allow food production to keep up with population growth. In addition, more efficient and environmentally sound agricultural technologies must be developed and put into practice to support the continued productivity of husbandry (Pimentel and Pimentel, 1996).Meadows et al (1972) and Ehrlich were wrong to suggest population growth would lead to environmental degradation as it may result in conservation or an improvement of the natural environment. This view does not restrict the levels of population but suggests it can actively improve the environment. Tiffen and Mortimore (1994) argued against Malthusian views and pointed out that population growth does not necessarily threaten the environment as better management and investment would ensure the natural environment is protected. Agricultural labour requirements increased not because of a larger amount of cropped land but because of larger labour requirements, as Boserup suggests. They pointed out that an increasing population would increase access to sources of knowledge and using technologies. This enables outputs to rise faster than population growth. Like Tiffen and Mortimore, Murton (1999) also argued against Malthusian arguments. He used example in the Machakos district in Kenya which showed that environmental conservation occurred during periods of population increase. Therefore, population growth is an important means of improving environmental quality. Therefore, if resources are management sustainably then population growth can protect the environment. He found population growth has a positive influence on forests as farmers became more dependent on non-agricultural sources of income. Therefore, Malthus is wrong to suggest there would be a catastrophe as population increase can have a positive influence on forests. This is supported by Fox (1993) who did research on fore st resources in a Nepali colonisation Bhogteni in 1980 and 1990 and found despite an annual population growth rate of 2.5%, forests were found to be in much better condition in 1990 than they were in 1980 (p89). Thus population growth had a positive influence on forest resources. He found that Nepali farmers began to develop their own methods for conserving the forests through community management. This result in an increase of forest resources as in 1980 clubby woodlots had 179 trees/ha compared to 489 trees/ha in 1990. Therefore population growth does not necessarily lead to downward spiral of land degradation. Fairhead and Leach (1994) also identified a counter-narrative for their evidence, as local residents argued they had created the patches of forest virtually their villages, not destroyed it. Oral history suggests that the villages encouraged and managed the growth of forest islands around their villages. Therefore, it is not necessarily the case that the area was origina lly forest preliminary to increase of the population. It is conceivable that management of the local resources was partially responsible for the spread of forest areas, from earlier savanna-like conditions. They point out that more villages actually resulted in more forest islands. The Ziama region was originally bare rock not forest land. Therefore there is a broader narrative (Fairhead and Leach 1995). Therefore the wrong interpretations were made based on stereotypes (Fairhead and Leach 1994). Conversely, oral history is not fact, or based on empirical evidence and cant apply these local/village findings everywhere. Hence the validity of these arguments is questionable. While this rejects Malthusian arguments, as population growth did not lead to further environmental degradation, it does not confirm Boserups hypothesis that population growth would lead to new innovations.Furthermore, population growth creates the incentive to protect the environment, as costs of existing resour ces increase and benefits from substitutes are realised (Panayotou 2000). Therefore the rapid population growth in Bhogteni may have resulted in an increased willingness of the villages to seek better management for forest lands. Thus forests would not have been perceive as threatened if there was not a high population growth rate. Fox (1993) also argues that other variables contributed to the management of the forest in Bhogteni, such as an introduction of a new road and changes in forest tenure. Nevertheless, while population growth can trigger land use changes it is not the root cause of environmental damage. The root cause results from market failures, especially in developing countries where property rights are neither defined nor enforced. Thus the private cost of deforestation is zero. Therefore, because they have no right of ownership to the land they have no incentive to protect it and make efficient land-use decisions (Panayotou 2000). We should recognize, however, that t he immediate threat to these lands is not population growth but bad forest management policies. Before population can be cited as the cause of forest degradation, forest policies must be implemented that provide incentives for local people to manage forest resources (Fox 1993). It is often the conclusion that population drives deforestation, however, the context must be unplowed in mind, such as open access forest resources, low levels of education, insecurely held agricultural land. These all combined prevent response to population growth. Therefore a more complete analysis should look at all these agentive roles. Furthermore, other issues also affect the rate of deforestation. Holdren (1991) used a mathematical legislation I = P x A x T to show how population, affluence and technology have an impact on the environment. He claimed that environmental policies should accent on consumption rather than population growth. Population growth is a factor among other issues. While the Br undtland Report (1987) states that population growth is not the exchange problem. Furthermore, if a country has a higher income then the rate of deforestation is likely to be slower. As income rises, people use other energy sources and modern agricultural techniques which reduces the demand for agricultural land. Therefore reducing the rates is population growth is not necessarily the best method for decreasing the rate of deforestation (Cropper and Griffiths 1994). Therefore all of these factors are responsible for a deterioration of the environment and all need to be tackled. Therefore population is only one factor among many, and the interactions of these factors are crucial for driving the deforestation process. Policies are needed to tackle poverty in developing countries and high consumption levels in developed countries archetypal (Saxena and Nautiyal 1997).However, it depends what level is being studies as micro studies may find significant negative effects on resources fr om population pressures on the local environment, while macro studies identify no resource constraints at the national or global level. This distinction between macro or aggregate, analysis and micro, or more disaggregated analysis is one that you could develop further. One of the points that this leads to is questions of control of resources and the uses to which they are put. Macro-level and micro-level analysis may lead to different insights and conclusions in this regard. Micro studies-even though better analyse the effect of population growth also mask the wider socio-economic factors which may result in environmental degradation (Murton 1997). Therefore there are complications for tracing the effect of world population on the global environment (Panayotou 2000)The interlocking crises in population, resources, and environment (Ehrlich and Holdren 1971).The Malthusian theory of population growth and resource degradation is clearly a myth that needs to be slain.p97 (Fox1993).Conc lusionFrom examining the evidence above it is clear that there is little agreement on the relationship between population and environment, there is a tremendous variation in findings and their interpretation. The selective use of evidence gives rise to outcomes that range from the most pessimistic to the most optimistic.The objective of this essay was to analyze analytically and critically the arguments on the population-environment interface. This essay has outlined Malthusian arguments of population growth causing environmental degradation. This essay has also explored counter-evidence to this, arguing that innovation and a better management of resources can offset the effects of population growth. This essay has also argued that other factors affect are the cause of deterioration in environmental quality. A more complete analysis should incorporate these factors and their interaction with population growth. It is generally agreed that population growth is an indirect threat to t he environment. Therefore direct threats need to be addressed. Issues such as poverty need to be solved to improve environmental quality, not reducing population numbers.However, whether evidence is used from macro or micro scales can skew the results.To conclude that much more empirical research, with more sophisticated models, is necessary before we can amply understand the role of population dynamics (density, growth, distribution and composition) on deforestation.Javas population quadrupled in the last 100years. However, environmental damage was due to economic reasons not population growth. Failure to improve agricultural productivity and to create non-agriculutral employment has intensified population pressures. Panayotou (1996).